Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Ubwikorezi

Ni gute imikorere y'udupira tw'amashanyarazi ikorwa?

Intangiriro
Ingufu z'amashanyarazi ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gihe cyo gufunga insinga mu buryo bukabije cyangwa buteje akaga.
Aha niho hakenewe gufunga, kurinda ingress n'impamvu insinga zirimo gucukurwamo itaka.
Inshingano yayo ni ukunyuza umuyoboro, insinga, cyangwa insinga mu mutekano mu gipangu.
Bitanga ubutabazi kandi byakozwe kugira ngo bishyiremo umuriro cyangwa ibice by'amashanyarazi bishobora kubaho ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.

Ikindi kandi:
Nanone zikora nk'igifuniko, zigahagarika imyanda yo hanze kwangiza amashanyarazi n'insinga.
Zimwe muri izi myanda ni izi:

• ibinyobwa,
• umwanda,
• umukungugu

Amaherezo, bibuza insinga gukururwa no kuzunguruka ziva muri mashini.
Ibyo biterwa nuko bifasha mu gutanga umurongo utekanye kandi uhamye hagati y’imashini n’insinga ihujweho.

Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzagufasha gusobanukirwa neza uburyo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikora.
Reka dutangire.

Ibice by'ingirabuzimafatizo n'ibice by'ingirabuzimafatizo
Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zizwi nka 'ibikoresho byo kwinjiza insinga z'amashanyarazi' bikoreshwa hamwe n'insinga n'insinga kuri:

• sisitemu z'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga (urugero: amakuru, itumanaho, ingufu, amatara)
• amashanyarazi, ibikoresho n'igenzura

Imirimo y'ingenzi y'icyuma gifunga no gufunga.
Igenzura ko ibiziriko n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi birindwa, harimo no gutanga:

• Gufunga by'inyongera ku bidukikije

Aho insinga zinjirira, gukomeza uburinzi bw'insinga z'igipfunyika hamwe n'ibikoresho bikwiranye byiyemeje gukora uwo mugambi.

Insinga z'amashanyarazi mu mashini ikora ku buryo bwikora

• Gufunga by'inyongera

Ku gice cy'insinga igera ku gipfunyika, niba hakenewe uburinzi bwo hejuru bw'insinga

• Ingufu zo gufata

Ku nsinga kugira ngo habeho urwego ruhagije rw'ubudahangarwa bw'insinga za mekanike 'zikurura'

• Gukomeza kw'isi

Ku bijyanye n'insinga ifite icyuma, iyo insinga ifite imiterere y'icyuma iba ifite imiterere y'icyuma.
Muri icyo gihe, icyuma gitanga umuriro gishobora kugeragezwa kugira ngo harebwe ko gishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko uhagije w’amashanyarazi.

• Kurengera ibidukikije

Binyuze mu gufunga ku gipfunyika cy'insinga yo hanze, hatabariwemo ubushuhe n'umukungugu biva mu gikoresho cyangwa mu gipfunyika cy'amashanyarazi

Urabona:
Ingufu z'icyuma zishobora gukorwa mu bikoresho bitari iby'icyuma cyangwa iby'icyuma.
Cyangwa bishobora kuba uruvange rwa byombi bishobora no kurwanya ingese.
Bigenwa n'ikusanyirizo rikurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho, cyangwa hakoreshejwe igenzura rirwanya ingese.

Iyo ikoreshejwe mu buryo butunguranye, ni ngombwa ko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yemerwa ku bwoko bw'imiyoboro yatoranijwe.
Bagomba kandi gukomeza kurinda ibikoresho bahujweho.

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi ni uko ifite imikorere ya IP68 idapfa amazi.
Ibyo bivuze ko bashobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ahantu hadasohoka amazi mu bidukikije bikomeye kandi bibi no mu mihanda minini.

Kugira ngo ubikoreshe:
Agatsi k'insinga gashyira agapfundikizo mu nsinga izengurutse.
Bihagarika kwinjira kw'uduce cyangwa amazi bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu buryo budashira.

Urugero:
Niba ukeneye kohereza insinga ku gipfunyika kidapfa amazi, ugomba gucukura umwobo muri icyo gipfunyika.
Ibyo bituma itazongera kuvomerwa n'amazi.

Insinga z'amashanyarazi ziri ku gipfundikizo kidapfa amazi
Kugira ngo ukemure ikibazo cyawe, ushobora gukoresha agakoresho k'insinga kugira ngo ukore agafunga kadaca amazi ku nsinga yawe urimo kuyishyira mu gipangu.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi bwa IP68 ni bwiza cyane ku nsinga zifite umurambararo wa milimetero 3.5 kugeza kuri 8.
Ubwo bwoko bw'insinga zikoreshwa mu gufunga ibyuma bukorwa kugira ngo bushyirwe ku ruhande rw'aho umushinga ufungiye amazi.

Ibice bigize Cable Glands
Ni ibihe bice bigize icyuma gifungana (cable gland)?
Iki ni ikibazo gisanzwe ushobora kuba wibaza.

Ibice bigize ibyuma bikoresha insinga
Ibice by'uturemangingo tw'insinga bigenwa hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'insinga:

• umugozi wo gukanda ukoresheje insinga zo gufungana (single compression cable gland) na;
• insinga zo gukanda inshuro ebyiri

Reka tuganire kuri buri kimwe muri byo.
Mu gihe utari ubizi, insinga imwe yo gukanda ikoreshwa ku nsinga zifite intwaro ntoya.
Zifite ubushobozi bwo gutuma umwuka uhumanya n'ubushuhe winjira kandi ugatera insinga.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukanda kimwe ntabwo gifite impeta y'inyuma n'inyuma.

Urabona:
Hariho agapfundikizo ka Neoprene gatanga inkunga y'ingufu z'amano iyo umaze gufatanya insinga.
Hanyuma, imiyoboro imwe y'insinga ifite:

• imbuto y'umubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo
• umubiri w'uturemangingo
• icyuma cyo kumesa imyenda giciriritse
• agace k'isuku
• icyuma cyo kumesa imyenda ya rubber
• agapfundikizo ka rubber na;
• neoprene

Ibyo ni ibice by'icyuma gikonjesha kimwe.
None se, twabisobanuye neza?

Ku rundi ruhande:
Gukanda inshuro ebyiri bitandukanye cyane n'icyuma gikanda kimwe.

Ibi bivuze iki?
Ikintu gishimishije hano ni iki:
Insinga zo gukanda ebyiri zikoreshwa aho insinga zirinda zinjira cyangwa zinjira mu kibaho.
Ubwo bwoko bwa "cable glands" butanga ubufasha bw'inyongera.
Uduce tw’insinga dufatana kabiri dufite uburyo bwo gufunga kabiri.

Ikindi kandi ni iki?
Hari igitutu ku gice cy'imbere cy'icyuma n'icyuma gikingira insinga.
None se, wifuza imiyoboro y'insinga idapfa cyangwa idapfa igihe kirekire?
Hanyuma ugomba gutekereza ku gishushanyo mbonera cyo gukanda inshuro ebyiri.

Menya kandi ko igishushanyo mbonera cy’ingufu ebyiri gifite impeta y’ingufu n’ingufu.
Ibyo bitanga ubufasha bwa mekanike kuri iyo nsinga.
Noneho, turavuga ku bice bya "double compression cable gland".
Ifite ibice bikurikira:

• agace k'isuku
• agapfundikizo ka neoprene
• impeta y'agace k'inyuma
• agace k'inyuma
• imbuto y'umubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo na;
• umubiri w'uturemangingo

Ibisobanuro bya Cable Glands
Urateganya kugura cable gland yawe?
Hanyuma ugomba kwibuka ko hari byinshi bisabwa ku gikoresho cy'insinga ugomba gusuzuma.
Niba wifuza ubufasha ku bijyanye n'ibipimo bya cable gland, dore amahitamo yawe:

Ibikoresho

• Icyuma kitagira umwanda

Uduce tw’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kidakoresha ibyuma bitagira umugese (stainless steel) turarwanya ingese kandi ntitwihanganira imiti.
Bashobora kugira igipimo cy'umuvuduko uri hejuru cyane

• Icyuma

Ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu cyuma.

• PVC

PVC yari izwi kandi nka polyvinyl chloride ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho.
Ifite ubuso bworoshye, bworoshye kandi budahumanya.
Ingano nke zikoreshwa mu bikorwa bya shimi n'ibiribwa kubera ko PVC idakora cyane.

• Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Ese wari uzi ko Polytetrafluoroethylene ari ikintu kidasobanutse neza?
None se icyo bimaze ni iki?
Yego, igaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire ndetse n'ubudahindagurika bwo gukururana.

• Polyamide / Nayiloni

Nayiloni igizwe n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa polyamides.
Ni ibikoresho rusange bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye.
Irakomera kandi irakomeye kandi ifite igipimo cyiza cyane cy'umuvuduko.

• Umuringa

Hagati aho, amasutiye aza afite imbaraga nziza.
Ifite kandi:

• ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza cyane mu bushyuhe buri hejuru
• ubushobozi bworoshye bwo gukonja
• ubushobozi buke bwo kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga rya rukuruzi
• Imiterere myiza y'ubwikorezi
• kurwanya ingese ku buryo butangaje;
• gutwara neza kw'amashanyarazi

• Aluminium

Aluminiyumu ni ikintu cy'icyuma gifite ubururu butoshye kandi gifite urumuri ruciriritse, gifite uburebure bwa metero eshatu.
Ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara ubushyuhe n'amashanyarazi.
Ifite kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ogisijeni no kugarura urumuri rwinshi

Imikorere
Ugomba kandi gusuzuma imikorere y'ubwoko bw'insinga zawe.
Hasi, twanditse ahantu ugomba kuzirikana.

• Ingano y'ubushyuhe

Iyi ni yo ntera y'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere ikenewe.

• Igipimo cy'umuvuduko

Iki ni igitutu icyuma cy'umuyoboro gishobora kwihanganira nta gusohoka.

• Ingano y'ifungura

Iyi ni yo ngano yatoranyijwe n'agace k'insinga gashobora kwakira.

• Umubare w'insinga

Uyu ni umubare w'ibintu ihuriro rishobora kwakira.

• Ingano yo gushyiramo

Iyi ni ingano y'aho gushyiramo cyangwa uburyo bwo gushyiramo umugozi.

Gushyiraho Cable Gland
Gushyiraho insinga bigomba gukorwa hakurikije amategeko n'amabwiriza agenga imikorere y'aho hantu.
Bigomba kuba bihuye n'amabwiriza y'uwabikoze.
Gushyiramo insinga bigomba gukorwa binyuze ku muntu ubifitiye ubushobozi kandi w’inararibonye.
Agomba kuba afite ubumenyi bukenewe kandi akaba afite ubuhanga mu gushyiraho insinga z'amashanyarazi.
Byongeye kandi, amahugurwa ashobora koroherezwa.

Gushyiramo insinga y'icyuma ifite icyuma gikingira kirimo agapapuro k'ubutaka
Aya mabwiriza ari hepfo azagufasha kwemeza ko gushyiramo insinga yawe bitanga umuyoboro wizewe kandi ufite umutekano.
Dore icyo ugomba gukora:

• Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no gushyiraho insinga z'amashanyarazi, hagomba kwitonderwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'imigozi y'insinga.

• Ntugashyiremo insinga z'amashanyarazi mu gihe insinga zikora.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, nyuma yo gukoresha ingufu mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ntigomba gufungurwa kugeza igihe imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yakuweho ingufu mu buryo butekanye.

• Ibice by'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma ntibihuye neza n'iby'undi muhanga uwo ari we wese ukora imashini ikozwe mu cyuma.

Ibice biva mu gicuruzwa kimwe ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu kindi.
Gukora ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ishyirwaho ry'insinga kandi bivaneho icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kurinda guturika.

• Menya ko insinga y'amashanyarazi atari ikintu gishobora gukoreshwa n'umuntu.

Nanone kandi biri munsi y'amabwiriza y'impamyabushobozi.
Ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi ntibyemewe gutangwa ku bintu byamaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

• Impeta zo gufunga insinga zongerwa mu nsinga iyo zivuye mu ruganda.

Urabona, nta mpamvu zigomba kubaho aho impeta zifunga zigomba gukurwa mu gitereko cy'insinga.

• Ugomba kwitonda kugira ngo wirinde ko ibikoresho bifunga insinga byangirika kuri:

ibinyabutabire bitagira ingano (nk'ibinyabutabire cyangwa ibindi binyabutabire by'amahanga)
odirt

Amabwiriza yo gushyiraho
Menya ko atari itegeko gukomeza gusenya insinga z'amashanyarazi, nk'uko bigaragara hano hepfo:

Kugira ngo utangire gushyiraho insinga z'amashanyarazi, dore icyo ugomba gukora:
1. Ibice bitandukanye (1) na (2).
2. Niba bikenewe, shyira agatambaro hejuru y'insinga yawe yo hanze
3. Gucunga insinga ukuraho agakoresho k'inyuma k'insinga n'icyuma gikingira/igitambaro kugira ngo bihuze n'imiterere y'ibikoresho.
4. Kuraho milimetero 18 inyuma y'igitambaro cyo hanze kugira ngo ugaragaze intwaro.
5. Niba bishoboka, kuramo udupfunyika cyangwa kaseti zo kwerekana igice cy'imbere cy'igitambaro.
ICYITONDERWA!! Ku nsinga ntarengwa, impeta yo gufunga ishobora kunyura hejuru y'icyuma cyo kurinda gusa.

6. Hanyuma, shyira igice cy'injira mu bikoresho byawe nk'uko bigaragara.

7. Shyira insinga yawe mu kintu cyinjiyemo hanyuma ushyireho icyuma cyangwa umugozi ku buryo bungana hafi y'aho icyuma giherereye.
8. Mu gihe ukomeza gusunika insinga imbere kugira ngo wirinde ko ikirahure n'icyuma gikingira, komeza umugozi n'intoki kugira ngo icyuma gikingira.
9. Fata igice cy'imbere hamwe n'agapfunyika hanyuma ukomeze umupfunyika wifashishije agapfunyika kugeza igihe icyuma gifashe neza.
10. Gushyiramo byarangiye.

Niba ushaka gushyiraho insinga ya IP68 idakoresha amazi, dore uko wabikora.
Urabona:
Ubwo bwoko bwa "cable gland" butuma byoroha kandi byoroshye kunyura mu gipangu.
Usabwa gucukura umwobo wa milimetero 15.6 z'umurambararo mu ruhande rw'aho ufungiye.
Noneho ushobora gukurura ibice bibiri by'icyuma cyawe cy'umugozi mu mpande zombi z'umwobo.
Noneho, insinga iranyuramo, maze uzunguza umupfundikizo kugira ngo uyihambire ku nsinga yawe.
Kandi urangije.

Umwanzuro
Insinga z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa hamwe n'insinga zitari iza gisirikare cyangwa izifite intwaro.
Iyo bikoreshejwe n'insinga zirinda umuriro, bitanga ubutaka bwo hasi mu gushushanya insinga.
Impeta yo gukanda cyangwa ikintu cyo gufunga impeta ya O gishobora gukomera ku murambararo w'insinga.
Ifunga umuriro uwo ari wo wose, ibishashi cyangwa imigezi ishobora gutera ibyago kugira ngo itagera ku mashini insinga iganaho.
Bishobora gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye bwa pulasitiki n'ibyuma, bitewe n'uko bikoreshwa.
Ibi bishobora kuba:

• aluminiyumu
• umuringa
• pulasitiki cyangwa
• icyuma kitagira umwanda

Kubera ko byakozwe hashingiwe ku mutekano, ni ngombwa ko insinga z'amashanyarazi zizana kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira mu bijyanye n'umutekano w'amashanyarazi.
Bimwe muri ibi ni ibi:

• IECx
• ATEX
• CEC
• NEC
• cyangwa se bitewe n'igihugu cy'inkomoko ndetse n'ikoreshwa

Niba rero ushaka kubona imiyoboro yawe ya cable, ni ngombwa ko uyipima neza.
Ibyo biterwa nuko insinga imwe gusa ari yo ishobora gukoreshwa n'agace kamwe.
Kandi ikirango kigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe impeta ya o-ring irimo.
Ntabwo umukoresha ashobora gushyiramo ibindi bintu nk'ikaseti.

Uzasangamo imisemburo myinshi iboneka mu maduka atandukanye akora.
Ushobora kureba kuri interineti gato ugashyiraho urutonde rw'abacuruzi cyangwa abakora ibicuruzwa byo mu gace utuyemo kugira ngo ubone igiciro cyiza kurusha ibindi.
Twizeye ko twaguhaye amakuru y'ingirakamaro ku buryo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikora.
Utekereza iki kuri iyi nyandiko?
Sangiza ibitekerezo byawe utwoherereza ibitekerezo byawe!
Niba ufite ikibazo kijyanye n'uko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikora cyangwa niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, baza mu bitekerezo.
Uzabona igisubizo giturutse ku bahanga mu by'isoko vuba aha.